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NEW YORK (AP) ? Passengers on a JetBlue plane were stranded on the tarmac in Connecticut for more than seven hours Saturday.
A passenger on a plane diverted to Bradley International Airport says the plane ran out of snacks and bottled water for the last few hours of the ordeal.
"The toilets were backed up. When you flushed, nothing would happen," said Andrew Carter, a reporter for the Florida Sun Sentinel, who was traveling to cover the Miami Dolphins game against the New York Giants. His plane took off from Fort Lauderdale for Newark International Airport at around 9 a.m. After being diverted to Hartford, the plane sat on the tarmac between around 1:30 p.m. and 9 p.m., he said.
A representative for Bradley International was not available to comment on other delays at the airport.
A JetBlue spokeswoman, Victoria Lucia, confirmed in an emailed statement that six of its planes, carrying a total of about 700 passengers, were diverted to Hartford as a result of a "confluence of events" including infrastructure issues at New York's John F. Kennedy Airport and Newark International Airport.
She noted that a total of 17 other flights were also diverted to the airport.
Lucia said that intermittent power outages at the airport made refueling and deplaning difficult. She declined to specify how long planes sat on the tarmac, but said passengers would be reimbursed.
Kate Hani, executive editor of consumer advocacy site FlyersRights.org, said she got calls from passengers and family members on at least three stranded flights at Bradley International that were stranded on the tarmac for up to 10 hours.
JetBlue of New York also made headlines in 2007 when snow and ice storms stranded its planes for nearly 11 hours at New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport.
A regulation that went into effect last year fines airlines for holding domestic flights on the tarmac for more than three hours. This year, the rule was extended to apply to international flights that are held on the tarmac for more than four hours.
Passengers do not get a cut of the fines, however.
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Higher oil prices have masked a slowdown in production among the biggest oil companies.
Exxon Mobil, Royal Dutch Shell and BP reported a surge in quarterly profits this week even though they're producing less oil from fields around the world, including a combined 7 percent decline in the third quarter that just ended. Each company has devoted billions of dollars to finding new petroleum deposits, but it could be years, even decades, before those investments translate to more oil and natural gas.
Experts say smaller companies will need to step up to satisfy growing world demand. China, India and other developing nations are expected to push the global appetite for oil to a record 90 million barrels per day next year, enough to outstrip supplies.
Three years ago, a severe drop in oil supplies helped push oil prices to above $147 per barrel, saddling airlines and shipping companies with high fuel costs. Gasoline prices soared above a national average $4 per gallon.
"We're not at the point where oil prices are going to go bananas" and spike like they did in 2008, said Ken Medlock, an energy expert at Rice University. "But if we saw production declines like this for five or six years, then it's time to worry."
Big Oil's third-quarter financial results highlight a growing problem within the industry. New petroleum sources are increasingly tough ? and expensive ? to find. The best new deposits are found more than a mile under the ocean, or in vast layers of sticky Canadian sand, or in the frigid Arctic.
Costs have increased dramatically as the industry digs deeper.
A decade ago, tapping a new well used to cost about $10 to $20 for every barrel of oil produced. Now it's estimated at about $50 or $60 for wells in the Gulf of Mexico and $70 or $80 in the Canadian oil sands.
To boost production, oil companies not only must find new sources of oil, they need to make up for production losses at aging fields. Exxon's fields, for example, are declining by 5 to 7 percent each year, Oppenheimer & Co. analyst Fadel Gheit said.
"They need to add 200,000 to 300,000 barrels a day of production just to break even," Gheit said. "That's huge."
Exxon hasn't been able to keep up this year.
Its oil production fell 7 percent in the July-September quarter. Some of the declines resulted from deals that limit the amount of oil Exxon can sell as prices rise on international markets. Excluding those limits, however, production was still flat.
From January to September, the company produced an average of 2.33 million barrels per day ? the smallest daily amount since at least 2005.
Other oil majors aren't faring much better. BP said oil production dropped 10.6 percent in the quarter to 2.08 million barrels per day. Shell said oil production fell almost 2 percent in the quarter to 1.68 million barrels per day.
Overall, analysts think oil producers can still increase supplies in coming years, thanks to smaller companies and increased contributions from OPEC. But it may not be enough to keep up with demand.
Morgan Stanley analyst Hussein Allidina expects supplies to rise by about 1-2 percent every year until 2016. That assumes "flawless execution," Allidina said in a research note. Even if that happens, demand will grow 1.5 percent every year over the same period.
It raises the possibility of price spikes. A surge in oil not only means higher fuel prices, it also poses problems for the industry. The record jump in oil prices in 2008 may have led to record profits for Exxon that year, but it weakened the economy so much that prices eventually plunged. That sapped profits in later quarters and forced the industry to table many projects.
As oil production declines from the industry's biggest players, smaller companies are expected to chip in by ramping up in fields that are too tiny for Big Oil. For example, Los Angeles-based Occidental Petroleum Corp. said it has increased oil production about 4 percent so far this year. Saudi Arabia and a handful of other OPEC members have the ability to put more oil on the market, if needed. And Libya is expected to start exporting oil again later this year following an eight-month rebellion.
Exxon Mobil Corp. on Thursday said profits jumped 41 percent in the third quarter to $10.33 billion, or $2.13 per share, as higher oil and natural gas prices made up for lower production. Profits doubled for Shell and BP for the same reason. Chevron Corp., the second-largest U.S. oil company, is expected to report its financial results on Friday.
Exxon sold oil in the U.S. for an average of $95.58 a barrel, up 35.2 percent from a year earlier. Internationally, it charged $107.32 a barrel, up 45.4 percent. It also charged more for natural gas.
The higher prices propped up earnings at Exxon's exploration and production business, which finds and pumps oil and natural gas.
Exxon's U.S. refineries also benefited. Their profits quadrupled as demand for gasoline and other fuels soared around the world, enabling them to charge more.
Exxon shares rose 81 cents, or 1 percent, to $81.88. BP shares climbed 78 cents to $45.43.
Oil prices also jumped 4 percent to end the day at $93.96 per barrel in New York.
___
Chris Kahn can be reached at http://twitter.com/ChrisKahnAP.
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JERUSALEM/TABA, Egypt (Reuters) ? Egyptians crossed the border home on Thursday and some bowed down in prayer during a prisoner exchange involving an American-Israeli man who Egypt charged with spying and who was flying to Tel Aviv after his release.
Israel swapped 25 jailed Egyptians - some convicted of smuggling - for Ilan Grapel, 27, who was detained in Egypt in June on accusations he was out to recruit agents and monitor events in the revolt that toppled Hosni Mubarak, an ally of Israel and the United States.
Israel, whose relations with Egypt have been strained since the uprising, denied the charges. Israeli officials said Grapel had been released and was flying to Tel Aviv.
Many of the freed Egyptians knelt to pray before boarding a coach to cross into their homeland.
"Raise up your heads, you are Egyptian," cried relatives waving the country's red, white and black flag as the coach crossed the border.
"I've been in jail since 2005. Thank God. I feel reborn," Mursi Barakat told Egyptian state television. "The treatment in jail was very tough and it was clear there was discrimination."
Rabia Suleiman, who was serving a four-year jail term on drugs charges, was asked by the same station what he would do on his return: "I'll come here and find any job, and I won't go back."
The United States, which provides the army that now runs Egypt with billions of dollars in military aid, had called for Grapel's release. Analysts said the exchange provided a cover for Egypt to resolve the diplomatic headache.
"I consider it a cover for returning this spy with pressure from the United States," Egyptian analyst Hassan Nafaa said.
"The release of those 25 represents a cover that has no meaning in fact. It does not harm Israel and it does not significantly benefit Egyptians," he added. Many of those detained by Israel were convicted of smuggling offences.
The U.S.-brokered exchange deal was reached shortly after a more high-profile, Egyptian-brokered swap between Israel and Hamas Islamists that freed captive Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit in exchange for more than 1,000 Palestinian prisoners.
U.S. Congressman Gary Ackerman, who pressed for Grapel's release, traveled to Israel to accompany him back to the United States, his office said in a statement.
"It is ... hard for me to accept the fact that an innocent and perhaps naive citizen travels (to Egypt) to identify with the Arab Spring -- and it's clear this is not a spy, nor an agent, nor a drug trafficker -- and he is arrested under all kinds of false allegations, and we are then forced to pay a price in order to free him," Israeli Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman told Israel's Army Radio.
DRUGS AND GUNS
The family of one of those to be released, Ashraf Abdallah el-Swarky, said the 18-year-old had been sentenced to three years in prison by Israel on charges of illegally crossing the border.
They say he had lost his way. He has spent one year in jail.
"We just want to see our brother. It is a good thing from Egypt to work on freeing them," said his brother, Mohamed.
Others in the area said many of the Egyptian prisoners to be released had been involved in smuggling, which is rife along Egypt's border with Israel and the Palestinian enclave of Gaza.
Israel's Prisons Service said Abdallah had been jailed for drug trafficking as well as "infiltration". The others on the release roster were held for similar offences, including gun-running, but not for espionage or attacks on Israelis.
Grapel's mother has said that her son, a law student in the United States, had been working for Saint Andrew's Refugee Services, a non-governmental organization, in Cairo. Grapel emigrated to Israel in 2005 from New York and served in its military in the 2006 Lebanon war.
Over the years, Egypt has arrested a number of people accused of spying for Israel.
(Additional reporting by Dan Williams and Jeffrey Heller in Jerusalem and Shaimaa Fayed and Omar Fahmy in Cairo; Writing by Edmund Blair; Editing by Andrew Roche and Richard Meares)
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NEW YORK ? Netflix shares plunged 35 percent Tuesday after the one-time Wall Street favorite revealed a massive departure of subscribers angered by price increases and other questionable changes at rental service that was created to make entertainment a snap.
Netflix revealed late Monday that it ended September with 23.8 million U.S. subscribers. That's down about 800,000 from June and worse than what the company had hinted at before. In September, the company predicted it will lose about 600,000 U.S. customers.
And it may get worse. Netflix said it expects more defections in coming months.
The exodus began after the company raised its prices by as much as 60 percent in July and split up its streaming and DVD rental services. Its website was flooded by comments from angry customers. Many people also canceled service, especially on the DVD-by-mail side. The company is betting that its future is in streaming video, and CEO Reed Hastings has said he expects Netflix's DVD subscriptions to steadily decline, much like what has happened to AOL Inc.'s dial-up Internet service.
But Netflix bungled a spin off its DVD-by-mail service, giving it the name Qwikster and creating separate accounts for people who wanted both DVDs and movie streaming. By doing so, the company created what many perceived to be a more complicated rental process at a company that began its meteoric rise with a new, easier way of searching for and finding entertainment effortlessly.
Netflix shares tumbled $41.34 to $77.50 in late morning trading Tuesday. The stock is down from more than $300 just 3 1/2 months ago. The last time the stock was trading so low was in April 2010, but that was during an extraordinarily steep ascent, after the company nearly erased the omnipresent blue and yellow storefronts of Blockbuster.
The revelations from Netflix prompted a downgrade to "Neutral" from "Buy" from Citi Investment Research analyst Mark Mahaney on Tuesday, who also slashed his target price on the stock to $95 from $220. The analyst called the price increase and the abandoned plan to separate Netflix's DVD business two "major execution errors."
Netflix Inc. did report better-than-expected financial results for the third quarter, but that was drowned out by the din of subscriber cancellations, expense controls and a one-time tax benefit, said Wedbush analyst Michael Pachter.
Pachter cut his target price to $82.50 from $110 on Netflix's stock and kept his rating at "Neutral."
Los Gatos, Calif.-based Netflix said it does not comment on stock movement or analyst reports.
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FILE - In this Aug. 3, 2009 file photo, Aerosmith lead singer Steven Tyler speaks during a news conference in Deadwood, S.D. Organizers say on Tuesday, Oct. 25, 2011, an Aerosmith concert in Paraguay will be postponed one day after singer Steven Tyler fell in his hotel bathroom, hitting his face and losing two teeth. (AP Photo/Steve McEnroe, file)
FILE - In this Aug. 3, 2009 file photo, Aerosmith lead singer Steven Tyler speaks during a news conference in Deadwood, S.D. Organizers say on Tuesday, Oct. 25, 2011, an Aerosmith concert in Paraguay will be postponed one day after singer Steven Tyler fell in his hotel bathroom, hitting his face and losing two teeth. (AP Photo/Steve McEnroe, file)
ASUNCION, Paraguay (AP) ? Organizers say an Aerosmith concert in Paraguay will be postponed one day after singer Steven Tyler fell in his hotel bathroom, hitting his face and breaking two teeth.
Garzia Group spokesman Marcelo Antunez is calling the accident "minor" and says the concert will be held on Wednesday.
Antunez said Tuesday that Tyler was treated at a local hospital for cuts on his face and received two dental implants for the lost teeth.
He said the 63-year-old singer was "once again in the Bourbon hotel" recovering for the concert.
Antunez says it will be the first time Aerosmith has played in Paraguay and organizers expected more than 50,000 people will attend the concert.
The concert was originally scheduled for Tuesday.
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Continue reading BMW presents car-to-x communication, wants vehicles to talk more (video)
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 | Cisco VXI delivers a complete virtualized collaborative workspace, unifying virtual desktop, voice, and video services, anywhere, on any device. It helps IT provide an exceptionally flexible and secure infrastructure for an uncompromised user experience. | |
| cisco.com/go/vxi |
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ScienceDaily (Oct. 24, 2011) ? A summer research expedition organized by scientists at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego has led to the identification of gigantic amoebas at one of the deepest locations on Earth.
During a July 2011 voyage to the Pacific Ocean's Mariana Trench, the deepest region on the planet, Scripps researchers and National Geographic engineers deployed untethered free-falling/ascending landers equipped with digital video and lights to search the largely unexplored region. The team documented the deepest known existence of xenophyophores, single-celled animals exclusively found in deep-sea environments. Xenophyophores are noteworthy for their size, with individual cells often exceeding 10 centimeters (4 inches), their extreme abundance on the seafloor and their role as hosts for a variety of organisms.
The researchers spotted the life forms at depths up to 10,641 meters (6.6 miles) within the Sirena Deep of the Mariana Trench. The previous depth record for xenophyophores was approximately 7,500 meters (4.7 miles) in the New Hebrides Trench, although sightings in the deepest portion of the Mariana Trench have been reported. Scientists say xenophyophores are the largest individual cells in existence. Recent studies indicate that by trapping particles from the water, xenophyophores can concentrate high levels of lead, uranium and mercury and are thus likely highly resistant to large doses of heavy metals. They also are well suited to a life of darkness, low temperature and high pressure in the deep sea.
"The research of Scripps Professor Lisa Levin (deep-sea biologist) has demonstrated that these organisms play host to diverse multicellular organisms," said Doug Bartlett, the Scripps marine microbiologist who organized the Mariana Trench expedition. "Thus the identification of these gigantic cells in one of the deepest marine environments on the planet opens up a whole new habitat for further study of biodiversity, biotechnological potential and extreme environment adaptation."
The xenophyophores are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to considerations of the nature and diversity of life at extreme depths. For example, according to Dhugal Lindsay (Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, or JAMSTEC), the Dropcam movie also depicts the deepest jellyfish observed to date.
The instruments used to spot the mysterious animals were "Dropcams" developed and used by National Geographic Society Remote Imaging engineers Eric Berkenpas and Graham Wilhelm, participants in the July voyage.
"The 'Dropcams' are versatile autonomous underwater cameras containing an HD camera and lighting inside of a glass bubble," said Berkenpas. "They were created by National Geographic engineers to allow scientists and filmmakers to capture high-quality footage from any depth in the ocean. The devices were baited and used 'camera-traps' to capture imagery of approaching marine life."
Dropcams utilize a thick-wall glass sphere capable of withstanding more than eight tons per-square-inch pressure at extreme depth.
"Seafloor animals are lured to the camera with bait, a technique first developed by Scripps Professor John Isaacs in the 1960s," said Kevin Hardy, a Scripps ocean engineer and cruise participant. Hardy advanced the ultra-deep glass sphere design used on 'Dropcams' more than a decade ago. "Scripps researchers hope to one day capture and return novel living animals to the laboratory for study in high pressure aquariums that replicate the trench environment."
Also during the expedition, Scripps researchers successfully tested an advanced seafloor Deep Ocean Vehicle (DOV) design, using similar spheres to recover microbes and test other advanced system components.
The xenophyophore sightings were positively identified by Scripps' Levin, director of the Scripps Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, and confirmed by Andrew Gooday of the UK National Oceanography Center.
"As one of very few taxa found exclusively in the deep sea, the xenophyophores are emblematic of what the deep sea offers. They are fascinating giants that are highly adapted to extreme conditions but at the same time are very fragile and poorly studied," said Levin. "These and many other structurally important organisms in the deep sea need our stewardship as human activities move to deeper waters."
This project was funded by NASA, the National Geographic Society Expeditions Council, Joanie Nasher, Patty and Rick Elkus.
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Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111024165037.htm
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Already we?re seeing microbridges being set up, like the one that puts Twitter into your Contacts list as an SMS address so you can ask Siri to Tweet out a message. As these hacks accelerate, it will be incumbent upon Apple to expand API access to the routing layer so that third parties and especially users themselves can construct these macros. The more they?re used, the more the business process layer can be extrapolated across multiple services. How many days did it take to come up with these early tools? This will happen fast. Can?t wait. Don?t have to.Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/75vVrIm3zCs/
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KANSAS CITY, Mo.?
The playoffs were on the line tonight at Arrowhead - not for the Chiefs but two Missouri high schools as Raymore-Peculiar took on Joplin. But the game meant more than just football, as proceeds from the game are going to help tornado-ravaged Joplin get back on its feet.FOX 4's Mitch Weber is Working for You with the report.
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VILNIUS, Lithuania ? A judge has found an Irish man guilty of trying to buy weapons and explosives during a six-year sting orchestrated by Britain's domestic spy agency MI5, in a case that drew attention to a hardcore Irish Republican Army splinter group's plans to spread terror to London.
Judge Arunas Kisielus sentenced Michael Campbell ? a 39-year-old with alleged links to the Real IRA ? to 12 years in prison for weapons offenses and supporting a terrorist group.
Video footage and intercepted communications showed that Campbell paid some euro6,000 for high-grade explosives, grenade launchers, detonators, AK-47s and a special assassin's rifle to Lithuanian agents posing as arms dealers.
Campbell had pleaded innocent and claimed he was the victim of entrapment.
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LOS ANGELES ? Laurence Fishburne is the narrator for an upcoming PBS documentary on black workers in the post-slavery South.
The film, titled "Slavery by Another Name," is based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning book by Douglas A. Blackmon.
PBS on Thursday announced Fishburne's role as narrator of the documentary that will debut Feb. 13, 2012, on public TV stations nationwide.
"Slavery by Another Name" examines the labor practices and laws "that effectively created new forms of slavery" after emancipation, subjecting blacks to brutal forced work, according to the filmmakers.
The 90-minute film, produced by a division of the PBS affiliate for Minneapolis-St. Paul, will air as part of PBS' Black History Month programming.
Fishburne's other TV work has included "CSI: Crime Scene Investigation," which he left last season, and the movie "Thurgood."
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Public release date: 19-Oct-2011
Share ] Contact: Erin Tornatore
erin.tornatore@childrens.harvard.edu
617-919-3110
Children's Hospital Boston
Boston, Mass. Timing is everything when treating patients with both HIV and tuberculosis. Starting HIV therapy in such patients within two weeks of TB treatment, rather than two months as is the current practice, increases survival by 33 percent, according to a large-scale clinical trial in Cambodia led by researchers at Children's Hospital Boston and the Immune Disease Institute (IDI).
The study's results reported by Anne Goldfeld, MD, of the IDI and the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Children's Hospital Boston, and the CAMELIA (Cambodian Early versus Late Introduction of Antiretrovirals) study team in the October 20 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine definitively show that immunosuppressed HIV-TB co-infected patients should be started on ART rapidly at two weeks after beginning TB therapy. At the same time, the results strongly suggest that the World Health Organization (WHO) should be more aggressive in its recommendations for treating such patients.
A collaboration of Cambodian, French, and American physicians and researchers, the CAMELIA trial set out to settle a long-standing debate in the medical community over the relative timing of antiretroviral (ART) and anti-TB treatment regimens in co-infected patients. Some have advocated for delaying ART for upwards of two months after initiating anti-TB treatment, arguing that the toxicity of and difficulties in adhering to the two regimens (which together require patients to take seven pills every day), as well as the risk of severe inflammation as the immune system rebounds from HIV's suppressive influence, create undue burden on patients. Those supporting early initiation of ART note that rapid restoration of immune function bolsters the effects of anti-TB treatment.
"Tuberculosis claims the lives of more than half a million people with HIV worldwide every year," said Goldfeld, who holds professorships in medicine at Harvard Medical School and immunology and infectious diseases at Harvard School of Public Health and is co-founder of the Cambodian Health Committee. "This is a tragedy, because TB is completely curable when diagnosed and treated properly even in a patient with advanced HIV, especially if the patient also receives anti-retroviral therapy."
The WHO, in its most recent guidelines, recommended that co-infected patients start ART as soon as possible within eight weeks of initiating anti-TB treatment, but at the time lacked any evidence-based research to provide more fine-grained guidance.
Upon enrollment in the CAMELIA trial, all participants started standard treatment for TB, followed either two weeks or two months later by ART. Patients, all of whom had very weak immune systems, were seen at one of five study sites across Cambodia and followed for as long as four and a half years. By the time enrollment closed, 661 patients had been recruited into the study.
The study's results make a very strong case for starting ART treatment as early as two weeks after initiating treatment for TB. At the end of the study, the survival rate in the early ART arm was 33 percent greater than that in the late ART arm.
The study was also remarkable for its successful level of follow up: Of the trial's 661 participants, only 12 were lost to follow-up over the study period, and participants only missed less than one percent of the study's 8,955 scheduled visits.
"When we started, there was no research infrastructure for conducting such a trial in Cambodia. ART was just being introduced into the country, and HIV and TB were not being treated in an integrated fashion," Goldfeld said. "As side benefits, over the course of the study we helped to establish a center of excellence for HIV and TB care, and a center for treating children with HIV. We also created a national framework in Cambodia for treating patients with multi-drug resistant TB, which is now being replicated in Ethiopia.
"We also want to understand how the immune system is restored when you give HIV drugs while treating TB at the same time," Goldfeld continued. "This trial has created an unprecedented opportunity to gain fundamental insights into the workings of the immune system in the context of HIV and TB. It has many fruits yet to bear."
###
The study, which was previously reported at the 18th Annual AIDS Meeting in Viennea in 2010, was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis.
Children's Hospital Boston is home to the world's largest research enterprise based at a pediatric medical center, where its discoveries have benefited both children and adults since 1869. More than 1,100 scientists, including nine members of the National Academy of Sciences, 11 members of the Institute of Medicine and nine members of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute comprise Children's research community. Founded as a 20-bed hospital for children, Children's Hospital Boston today is a 396 bed comprehensive center for pediatric and adolescent health care grounded in the values of excellence in patient care and sensitivity to the complex needs and diversity of children and families. Children's also is the primary pediatric teaching affiliate of Harvard Medical School. For more information about research and clinical innovation at Children's, visit: http://vectorblog.org.
About the Cambodian Health Committee (CHC, www.cambodianhealthcommittee.org) / Global Health Committee (GHC, www.globalhealthcommittee.org):
Founded in Cambodia in 1994, with a base in Boston, CHC has treated and cured thousands of Cambodians of tuberculosis and provides HIV/AIDS care for thousands more. Its mission is to focus on adults and children who are suffering from tuberculosis (TB) and AIDS, who are among the poorest in our global society. Now also known as the Global Health Committee, it is bringing its unique delivery models of care for TB and AIDS, including access to care for multidrug resistant (MDR) TB, to Ethiopia. CHC/GHC operates from the core belief that good practice depends upon knowledge developed through grassroots experience and rigorous research. With its strategy of delivery of care, discovery of new knowledge, and advocacy, CHC/GHC is developing global models of care while curing TB and treating AIDS one person at a time.
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Public release date: 19-Oct-2011 Share ] Contact: Erin Tornatore
erin.tornatore@childrens.harvard.edu
617-919-3110
Children's Hospital Boston
Boston, Mass. Timing is everything when treating patients with both HIV and tuberculosis. Starting HIV therapy in such patients within two weeks of TB treatment, rather than two months as is the current practice, increases survival by 33 percent, according to a large-scale clinical trial in Cambodia led by researchers at Children's Hospital Boston and the Immune Disease Institute (IDI).
The study's results reported by Anne Goldfeld, MD, of the IDI and the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Children's Hospital Boston, and the CAMELIA (Cambodian Early versus Late Introduction of Antiretrovirals) study team in the October 20 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine definitively show that immunosuppressed HIV-TB co-infected patients should be started on ART rapidly at two weeks after beginning TB therapy. At the same time, the results strongly suggest that the World Health Organization (WHO) should be more aggressive in its recommendations for treating such patients.
A collaboration of Cambodian, French, and American physicians and researchers, the CAMELIA trial set out to settle a long-standing debate in the medical community over the relative timing of antiretroviral (ART) and anti-TB treatment regimens in co-infected patients. Some have advocated for delaying ART for upwards of two months after initiating anti-TB treatment, arguing that the toxicity of and difficulties in adhering to the two regimens (which together require patients to take seven pills every day), as well as the risk of severe inflammation as the immune system rebounds from HIV's suppressive influence, create undue burden on patients. Those supporting early initiation of ART note that rapid restoration of immune function bolsters the effects of anti-TB treatment.
"Tuberculosis claims the lives of more than half a million people with HIV worldwide every year," said Goldfeld, who holds professorships in medicine at Harvard Medical School and immunology and infectious diseases at Harvard School of Public Health and is co-founder of the Cambodian Health Committee. "This is a tragedy, because TB is completely curable when diagnosed and treated properly even in a patient with advanced HIV, especially if the patient also receives anti-retroviral therapy."
The WHO, in its most recent guidelines, recommended that co-infected patients start ART as soon as possible within eight weeks of initiating anti-TB treatment, but at the time lacked any evidence-based research to provide more fine-grained guidance.
Upon enrollment in the CAMELIA trial, all participants started standard treatment for TB, followed either two weeks or two months later by ART. Patients, all of whom had very weak immune systems, were seen at one of five study sites across Cambodia and followed for as long as four and a half years. By the time enrollment closed, 661 patients had been recruited into the study.
The study's results make a very strong case for starting ART treatment as early as two weeks after initiating treatment for TB. At the end of the study, the survival rate in the early ART arm was 33 percent greater than that in the late ART arm.
The study was also remarkable for its successful level of follow up: Of the trial's 661 participants, only 12 were lost to follow-up over the study period, and participants only missed less than one percent of the study's 8,955 scheduled visits.
"When we started, there was no research infrastructure for conducting such a trial in Cambodia. ART was just being introduced into the country, and HIV and TB were not being treated in an integrated fashion," Goldfeld said. "As side benefits, over the course of the study we helped to establish a center of excellence for HIV and TB care, and a center for treating children with HIV. We also created a national framework in Cambodia for treating patients with multi-drug resistant TB, which is now being replicated in Ethiopia.
"We also want to understand how the immune system is restored when you give HIV drugs while treating TB at the same time," Goldfeld continued. "This trial has created an unprecedented opportunity to gain fundamental insights into the workings of the immune system in the context of HIV and TB. It has many fruits yet to bear."
###
The study, which was previously reported at the 18th Annual AIDS Meeting in Viennea in 2010, was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis.
Children's Hospital Boston is home to the world's largest research enterprise based at a pediatric medical center, where its discoveries have benefited both children and adults since 1869. More than 1,100 scientists, including nine members of the National Academy of Sciences, 11 members of the Institute of Medicine and nine members of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute comprise Children's research community. Founded as a 20-bed hospital for children, Children's Hospital Boston today is a 396 bed comprehensive center for pediatric and adolescent health care grounded in the values of excellence in patient care and sensitivity to the complex needs and diversity of children and families. Children's also is the primary pediatric teaching affiliate of Harvard Medical School. For more information about research and clinical innovation at Children's, visit: http://vectorblog.org.
About the Cambodian Health Committee (CHC, www.cambodianhealthcommittee.org) / Global Health Committee (GHC, www.globalhealthcommittee.org):
Founded in Cambodia in 1994, with a base in Boston, CHC has treated and cured thousands of Cambodians of tuberculosis and provides HIV/AIDS care for thousands more. Its mission is to focus on adults and children who are suffering from tuberculosis (TB) and AIDS, who are among the poorest in our global society. Now also known as the Global Health Committee, it is bringing its unique delivery models of care for TB and AIDS, including access to care for multidrug resistant (MDR) TB, to Ethiopia. CHC/GHC operates from the core belief that good practice depends upon knowledge developed through grassroots experience and rigorous research. With its strategy of delivery of care, discovery of new knowledge, and advocacy, CHC/GHC is developing global models of care while curing TB and treating AIDS one person at a time.
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Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-10/chb-eht101911.php
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Continue reading Vodafone brings ARM and Ubuntu together for South African Webbook
Vodafone brings ARM and Ubuntu together for South African Webbook originally appeared on Engadget on Wed, 19 Oct 2011 14:35:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.
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HONG KONG/BEIJING (Reuters) ? The chairman of the world's most valuable bank was once a good communist, learning from the peasants in a collectivist commune in Jiangxi province and working to raise coal production as a teenage miner in Henan during the tumult of Mao Zedong's Cultural Revolution.
Today, Jiang Jianqing has a somewhat bigger job: running the world's biggest bank, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China.
But he does the work for an annual salary that might make a hardened socialist nod with approval. He earned $150,000 in 2010, a mere 1.5 percent of Bank of America Corp CEO Brian Moynihan's estimated $10 million pay last year, and half again smaller than the $20 million Jamie Dimon was paid for running JP Morgan.
Like those of his peers at other Chinese banks, Jiang's salary has consistently fallen in the past four years, from about $240,000 in 2008, and he himself said in Hong Kong last year that he hoped his pay cheque would stop shrinking.
"We can't be paid more than the regulators who oversee us," Jiang explained last year when asked about the matter. "If the regulators have to take a pay cut, we will take a pay cut as well."
China's "Big Four" lenders are back in the spotlight as China's economy starts to absorb the impact of a global slowdown.
Last week Central Huijin, a unit of the $400 billion sovereign wealth fund China Investment Corp, began buying shares in the banks -- ICBC, China Construction Bank, Agricultural Bank of China and Bank of China -- to prop up their share prices and reassure domestic investors.
PARTY JOBS
As Jiang's example shows, China's top bank bosses are a different breed to their Western counterparts. Beneath their coiffured hair and tailored suits, the likes of CCB Chairman Guo Shuqing and ICBC's Jiang are first and foremost Communist Party members appointed to their jobs by the government.
China's biggest financial institutions fall under the supervision of the Communist Party, so the bank heads also sit on the party's Central Committee that is ultimately headed by the country's President Hu Jintao.
As China prepares for a 2012 leadership transition that will see the retirement of Hu and Premier Wen Jiabao from their party posts, many of the bankers will also see themselves rotated into new jobs.
The Party connections of the Big Four executives raise questions about who, exactly, they work for.
"Who are you trying to impress? You're not trying to impress your shareholders, you're trying to impress party seniors," says Patrick Chovanec, associate professor at Tsinghua University's School of Economics and Management in Beijing.
"After you complete your tour at a bank, you will be assigned to a new tour of duty, usually in a government posting."
That bureaucratic outlook has been fully apparent in the banks' actions over the years. Directed by the state to funnel money into government-linked companies, banks were saddled with non-performing loan ratios exceeding 20 percent by the early 2000s.
Beijing bought out most of those bad loans as the banks prepared for their public listings. They have kept a fairly clean record since, but many, including Credit Suisse and Fitch Ratings, warn that bad loans may soon start creeping up again.
LENDING SPREE
Credit Suisse analyst Sanjay Jain said in a report on Wednesday he now thinks that up to 12 percent of all of China's outstanding loans may go bad and non-performing loans may likely account for all of the banks' equity. Current NPL ratios hover at around 1 percent for the top Chinese banks.
This comes after banks went on a lending spree during the global financial crisis in 2008 and 2009, spurred on by Beijing's 4 trillion yuan ($627 billion) call to boost the economy.
Much of that money went to the railway ministry, local governments that set up financing vehicles to fund their pet projects and real estate developers.
All three are in potential trouble now, with the China's railway ministry under public pressure after a high profile train crash, local governments largely barred from borrowing from banks and property prices in danger of collapsing.
Despite all that, banks have reported strong earnings in the past year that often beat expectations. This may be a result of them putting less cash into the kitty to prepare for loans that may go sour.
"This is unlike the late 1990s when the government forced the banks to admit to a huge amount of non-performing loans. This time round, the strategy is just to not admit to NPLs," said Victor Shih, a professor at Northwestern University in Chicago who has written a book on China's financial system.
RED BUSINESSMEN
Many of the executives running China's banks may have accepted salaries their Western counterparts would disdain in return for the future political appointments that may further their influence, said Northwestern's Shih.
For example, the current governor of the Chinese central bank, Zhou Xiaochuan, and Vice Premier Wang Qishan were both previously head of CCB, the country's No.2 lender.
ICBC's Jiang is rumoured to be in the running to head China's bank regulatory commission, while CCB's Guo is tipped as possibly the next head of the central bank, of which he was previously a vice governor.
"Many of them are aspiring politicians, and being a bank CEO is merely a stepping stone in their careers," Shih said. "Thus, they are willing to accept lower pay."
Guo Shuqing, chairman of the world's No.2 lender China Construction Bank, is a philosophy graduate who completed his Master's degree in the 1980s in one of the more fashionable areas of study at that time: Marxist and Leninist theory.
His career path typifies the circuitous route of the senior Chinese bureaucrat/businessman -- he was previously vice-governor of Guizhou province, head of Central Huijin, director of the State Administration on Foreign Exchange and a deputy governor of the central bank before being named head of CCB.
Many of these executives were given their jobs after political appointments -- Guo in Guizhou and Bank of China Vice Chairman Li Lihui who was vice-governor of the southern island province of Hainan.
Others also had regulatory roles, with AgBank's low-profile Chairman Xiang Junbo having once worked at the National Audit Office and Bank of China's Li at a local branch of the country's central bank.
The irony is not lost on China-watchers, some of whom say that for all of China's claims of being a market-oriented economy, many of its biggest companies retain strong relationships with the government.
"It's all decided by the personnel department of the Communist Party," said Tsinghua's Chovanec.
"These postings should be seen as precisely that, they are postings to give them experience and put them in management roles," he said. "These are not traditional banking paths."
And unlike most other executives where job-hopping between companies is common, few top Chinese executives have ever made the jump from the world of state-backed lending to foreign-run banks or financial services companies, despite the promise of higher salaries.
"It could make a lot of sense if knows the American system," said a former senior Chinese banker who knows CCB's Guo personally.
"But I think when you're that high in the system and then have to work for a foreigner -- I don't think China's ready for that kind of switch yet."
(Editing by Don Durfee and Alex Richardson)
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BEIJING (Reuters) ? China is steeling itself for another presidential election in rambunctiously democratic Taiwan, hoping a victory for the ruling Nationalists enables even better ties but also girding for an opposition win that may inflame tensions.
China sees self-ruled Taiwan as a breakaway province and the island's close, unofficial relations with the United States, which include arms sales, are a major irritant in ties between Washington and Beijing. Analysts say the United States could one day be dragged into a war over Taiwan.
Beijing has never been comfortable with elections on Taiwan and has warned any attempt to set up an independent "Republic of Taiwan" would end in conflict.
Even so, relations have improved rapidly since 2008, when the island elected Ma Ying-jeou as president. Ma, the head of the Nationalist Party, or KMT, which ruled all of China before fleeing to Taiwan at the end of a civil war in 1949, signed landmark economic deals with China.
Beijing has found working with Ma much more favorable than his predecessor Chen Shui-bian of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), who it refused to deal with and accused of pushing for independence.
"They're very concerned about this upcoming election," said Dafydd Fell, senior lecturer in Taiwan Studies at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London, of China's leaders.
"Even when the DPP was at its lowest point, when I was talking to Taiwan people in China, they were still very worried at the prospect of the DPP coming back to power."
Chen was jailed for corruption after stepping down from power. The DPP however has bounced back from that scandal and has put up the steely, U.S. and British-educated Tsai Ing-wen to face Ma in January.
Chinese leaders will be hoping desperately that Ma gets back into office and continues a rapprochement that thus far has focused on economic issues but which China will eventually want to cover much harder and more sensitive political matters.
VENTING
China vented its anger at Washington rather than Taipei after September's announcement of U.S. arms sales to Taiwan because it understood that rhetoric directed at Taiwan could play into the DPP's hands and lessen the chances of Ma getting back into office, Beijing-based diplomats say.
The day before Washington unveiled the package, the honorary chairman of the Nationalist Party and former Taiwan Vice President Lien Chan was greeted warmly in Shanghai, home to many Taiwanese companies and about 300,000 Taiwanese expatriates.
Lien lauded last year's bilateral economic cooperation framework agreement trade deal that cut import tariffs on about 800 items, something China hopes will engender goodwill on Taiwan toward Beijing, especially at the ballot box.
"It is clear to all that this agreement has promoted cross-Strait exchanges and Taiwan's economic development," China's Taiwan Affairs Office quoted Lien as telling Shanghai's powerful Communist Party chief Yu Zhengsheng.
China will have to tread carefully, however. Previous attempts to influence Taiwan elections have backfired.
In 1996, then-Chinese President Jiang Zemin ordered live fire missiles tests and war games in the seas around Taiwan to try and intimidate voters not to back Lee Teng-hui, who China believed was moving the island closer to formal independence.
The crisis bought the two sides to the verge of conflict and prompted the United States to sail a carrier task force through the Taiwan Strait in a warning to Beijing.
Even worse for China, Lee won the election by a landslide.
CHINA'S DPP STRATEGY
China has made little attempt to hide its suspicions of current DPP presidential contender Tsai, once a strong proponent of Taiwan independence who has since largely moderated her tone.
In May, the Communist Party's official newspaper, the People's Daily, accused Tsai of flip-flopping on China policy and still ultimately wanting to push the island's independence.
"Tsai Ing-wen's stance so far on cross-Strait relations has been very unclear," said Zheng Zhenqing, assistant professor at Beijing's Tsinghua University Institute of Taiwan Studies. "If she is elected, the crux will be on what she says and what she does."
Last week in the southern Taiwan port city of Kaohsiung, a bastion of DPP support, Tsai said that Taiwan and the Republic of China, the island's formal name, were the same thing, signaling a much softer line on the island's future status.
She had previously referred to the Republic of China as an illegitimate, foreign government.
China was not convinced.
"This is obfuscation, a backdoor way of supporting Taiwan independence," said Taiwan Affairs Office spokesman Yang Yi, when asked about Tsai's remarks.
The DPP would not likely rule out contact with China if elected, Tsai campaign manager Bi-Khim Hsiao told Reuters, but added: "We don't expect the Chinese to respond to us positively."
China has not closed the door to dealing with the DPP though.
In 2009, Kaohsiung Mayor Chen Chu became the most senior DPP official ever to visit Beijing, ostensibly to promote a sporting event to be held in her city.
"They are betting on both sides. If Ma is going to win re-election, they will be happy. If the DPP's Tsai Ing-wen is going to win, they will have preparations for that outcome as well," said Bo Zhiyue, political scientist at the National University of Singapore's East Asian Institute.
President Hu Jintao has been much more patient in dealing with Taiwan than Jiang Zemin, who menaced the island in 1996.
"His patience has paid off so far because he is not cornering Taiwan so Taiwan feels much more relaxed in dealing with Hu," added Bo.
With economic integration gathering pace, including direct flights which benefit Taiwanese living and working in China and an influx of Chinese tourists to Taiwan, it would not be easy for either side to step back in the event of a DPP victory.
"If the DPP wins, while China may be dissatisfied or displeased, it will not cancel groups or suspend direct flights in the beginning," said I-hsin Chen, professor at the Graduate Institute of the Americas at Taipei's Tamkang University.
"Instead, it will send congratulations to Tsai Ying-wen first and take a wait-and-see approach," Chen said. "China will see if there is any possibility that they can accommodate each other on the issue of cross-Strait relationship and exchange their viewpoints."
(Additional reporting by Sally Huang, and Jonathan Standing and James Pomfret in Taipei, editing by Brian Rhoads and Raju Gopalakrishnan)
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SYDNEY ? A strong earthquake has struck off the coast of the South Pacific island nation of Papua New Guinea. There are no immediate reports of damage or injuries and no tsunami alert has been issued.
The U.S. Geological Survey says the magnitude-6.3 quake struck Tuesday about 100 miles (160 kilometers) east of the town of Kandrian on the island of New Britain. The quake struck at a depth of 6 miles (9 kilometers).
The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center did not issue a tsunami alert.
Earthquakes are common in Papua New Guinea. The country lies on the "Ring of Fire" ? an arc of earthquake and volcanic zones that stretches around the Pacific Rim. About 90 percent of the world's quakes occur in the region.
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NEW YORK (Reuters Health) ? People who have weight loss surgery aren't alone in slimming down after the procedure -- family members do so, too, a study in the Archives of Surgery shows.
Surgeons at Stanford University School of Medicine found that one year after a person had undergone surgery, obese family members had shed an average of eight pounds, dropping from 234 to 226.
"Obesity is really a family disease," said Dr. John Morton, the surgeon who led the study. "When you invest in the (weight loss surgery) patient, you not only get benefits for the surgery patient, but for the family as well."
Adult family members, limited to those living with the patient, also cut the number of alcoholic drinks they had from about 11 per month to just one and trimmed their waistlines about three inches.
Patients' kids didn't lose weight, but Morton said they staved off expected weight gain. More kids also said they were on a diet after their parent's surgery -- up from a quarter to half.
The findings are based on 35 patients who had gastric bypass surgery as well as 35 adult family members and 15 children.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about a third of U.S. adults are obese, increasing their risk of health problems like heart disease and diabetes.
While there are many ways to lose weight, surgery is the gold standard medical treatment for severe obesity.
More than 220,000 Americans had a weight loss operation in 2009, at a price of about $20,000 per patient, according to the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery.
One study found seven percent of surgery patients experienced complications, but most were minor wound problems. Serious complications -- such as massive bleeding or kidney failure -- occurred in 2.6 percent of patients and were more common in bypass surgery than in the gastric banding procedure.
The new study is small and doesn't prove that surgery helps family members lose weight. But it suggests that it might, just as being the partner of an obese person is linked to a higher risk of being heavy yourself, said Morton.
SOURCE: http://bit.ly/rkrrHe Archives of Surgery, October 17, 2011.
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Sprint says the iPhone 4S, 4 add up to its best 'device family' launch ever (Update: AT&T too) originally appeared on Engadget on Fri, 14 Oct 2011 17:53:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.
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